Denoisingalgoritmid

Denoisingalgoritmid, sometimes referred to simply as denoising algorithms, are computational methods designed to suppress noise in signals, images, and audio while preserving the underlying information. They rely on models of the signal and the noise, prior knowledge about structure, or learned representations to distinguish noise from genuine details.

In imaging and signal processing, noise can take many forms, such as Gaussian, Poisson, or impulse noise. Classic approaches include local filters (mean, median, Gaussian smoothing) that reduce variation but can blur edges, as well as more advanced techniques based on self-similarity, such as non-local means and BM3D. Transform-domain methods apply thresholding in wavelet or other basis representations to shrink noise while retaining significant coefficients. Sparsity-based and variational methods, including total variation denoising, formulate denoising as an optimization problem to balance fidelity to the data with smoothness or sparsity priors.

More recently, deep learning has become prominent, with supervised denoising networks trained on pairs of clean and noisy data, as well as unsupervised or self-supervised approaches that learn from noisy observations alone. These models can handle complex noise patterns and capture intricate image structures, often achieving state-of-the-art results.

Applications span photography and videography, medical imaging (MRI, CT), astronomy, remote sensing, and audio restoration. Evaluation typically uses metrics such as PSNR and SSIM, along with perceptual assessments. Challenges include preserving fine details, handling unknown or spatially varying noise levels, and achieving real-time performance in large-scale or streaming contexts. See also denoising and noise reduction.