Dehesaún

Dehesaún is a Spanish term referring to a traditional agro-silvo-pastoral system found predominantly in southwestern Spain, particularly in the regions of Andalusia and Extremadura, and also in parts of Portugal where it is known as montado. It is characterized by a landscape of scattered trees, typically cork oak (Quercus suber) and holm oak (Quercus ilex), interspersed with pastureland. This ecosystem is managed in a sustainable manner, integrating livestock grazing, tree cultivation, and the harvesting of forest products such as acorns and cork.

The dehesa is a highly biodiverse environment, supporting a wide range of flora and fauna, including Iberian pigs, sheep, goats, and various bird species. The trees provide shade and shelter for livestock, while the animals help to manage vegetation growth and recycle nutrients through their dung. The acorns from the oak trees are a crucial food source for Iberian pigs, which are raised extensively in the dehesa and are renowned for producing high-quality cured ham, such as jamón ibérico. The periodic harvesting of cork from the oak trees is another important economic activity, conducted without harming the tree itself.

The dehesa system is the result of centuries of human intervention and adaptation to the Mediterranean climate. It represents a unique example of sustainable land use, balancing economic productivity with ecological conservation. However, this traditional landscape faces challenges, including desertification, climate change impacts, and the abandonment of traditional practices, which can lead to its degradation. Conservation efforts are underway to preserve and restore dehesa ecosystems for their ecological, economic, and cultural value.