Daughters

A daughter is a female child of one or both parents. The term can apply to biological daughters as well as adopted, foster, or step-daughters. In many families, daughters are integral to household life and family networks, while in others gender norms have shaped the expectations and opportunities available to girls and women. Biologically, daughters share part of their genetic material with their parents, but the social meaning of daughterhood varies across cultures and legal systems.

The word derives from Old English dohtor, with roots in Proto-Germanic and ultimately Proto-Indo-European languages. Across languages, terms for daughter reflect similar ideas of lineage, kinship, and care within families and communities.

Legal and demographic contexts have evolved toward greater equality. Modern laws in many countries aim to guarantee girls' and women's rights to education, health care, property, and protection from discrimination or exploitation. Despite progress, disparities persist in some regions, and enforcement can be uneven. Globally, about half of births are female, and increasing emphasis on girls’ education and empowerment has been linked to improvements in health, economic development, and social well-being.

Education and opportunity influence the experiences of daughters. Access to schooling, freedom from harmful practices, and the ability to participate in public life shape individual outcomes and broader societal growth. Daughters, like all children, are diverse individuals whose identities and roles are influenced by culture, family dynamics, and personal choices.