Dammars

Dammars are a group of natural resins derived from various trees in the genus *Shorea* and other related species, primarily found in Southeast Asia. These resins are known for their hard, brittle, and translucent properties, often used historically in traditional crafts and art. The most commonly referenced type is **dammar resin**, which comes from trees such as *Shorea robusta* and *Shorea javanica*, native to regions like Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia.

Dammar resin is harvested by tapping the trees, allowing the resin to exude naturally before being collected and purified. Once solidified, it is often cut into blocks or ground into powder for various applications. The resin is prized for its clarity, durability, and resistance to yellowing, making it a favored medium in traditional Asian lacquerware, varnishes, and decorative arts. It is also used in the production of high-quality varnishes for musical instruments, such as guitars and violins, due to its ability to enhance sound projection while maintaining a glossy finish.

In addition to its artistic uses, dammar resin has been employed in traditional medicine in some cultures, though scientific validation of its therapeutic benefits is limited. Chemically, dammar resin consists primarily of terpenoid compounds, including dammarane and other sesquiterpenes, which contribute to its unique properties. Over time, synthetic alternatives have emerged, but natural dammar remains highly valued for its authenticity and performance in traditional and fine craftsmanship.

The sustainability of dammar resin harvesting has become a concern, as over-exploitation of certain tree species has led to conservation efforts. Responsible sourcing and ethical harvesting practices are now emphasized to ensure the continued availability of this valuable natural resource.