DPP4estäjät

DPP4estäjät, also known as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors or gliptins, are a class of oral antidiabetic drugs used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. They work by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which is responsible for breaking down incretin hormones. Incretins, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), are released by the intestines in response to food intake. These hormones play a crucial role in glucose homeostasis by stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas and suppressing glucagon release, thereby lowering blood glucose levels.

By inhibiting DPP-4, these drugs increase the levels of active incretins in the bloodstream. This leads to enhanced insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, meaning insulin is released more when blood glucose levels are high, and less when they are low. They also reduce glucagon secretion, which helps to prevent the liver from producing excessive amounts of glucose. This dual mechanism of action contributes to improved glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. DPP4estäjät are generally well-tolerated and are associated with a low risk of hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy. Common side effects may include nasopharyngitis, headache, and upper respiratory tract infections. They are typically prescribed as an adjunct to diet and exercise, and may be used in combination with other antidiabetic medications.