DNSszekvenciálás

DNSszekvenciálás, often translated as DNS sequencing, is a technique used in molecular biology to determine the order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. This process is fundamental to understanding genetic information, identifying genes, and studying variations in DNA. Historically, the Sanger sequencing method, also known as dideoxy sequencing, was the dominant technique. It relies on chain termination using dideoxynucleotides, which halt DNA synthesis at specific points. By analyzing the fragments produced, a sequence of the original DNA can be deduced.

More recent advancements have led to the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. These methods allow for massively parallel sequencing, meaning millions or billions of DNA fragments can be sequenced simultaneously. NGS techniques, such as Illumina sequencing or Pacific Biosciences sequencing, offer higher throughput and lower costs compared to Sanger sequencing, making large-scale genomic studies more feasible.

The output of DNSszekvenciálás is typically a series of letters (A, T, C, G) representing the nucleotide bases in the order they appear. This sequence data is then analyzed using bioinformatics tools to identify genes, detect mutations, understand evolutionary relationships, and diagnose genetic diseases. The ability to accurately determine DNA sequences has revolutionized biological research and has significant implications for medicine, agriculture, and forensics.