DNAvaktsiinidel

DNAvaktsiinidel, often translated as DNA vaccines, represent a novel approach to vaccination. Instead of introducing weakened or inactivated pathogens, or their components, DNA vaccines deliver a small piece of genetic material, specifically DNA, that carries the instructions for making a specific antigen. This antigen is typically a protein found on the surface of a pathogen, such as a virus or bacterium.

Once the DNA is inside the body's cells, the cell's own machinery reads the genetic code and produces the antigen. The immune system then recognizes this foreign antigen and mounts a response, creating antibodies and memory cells. This prepares the body to fight off a real infection if exposed to the actual pathogen in the future.

The DNA used in these vaccines is usually in the form of a plasmid, a circular piece of DNA that is not integrated into the host cell's genome. This means it does not alter the individual's own genetic makeup. DNA vaccines are still largely in development and clinical trials for many diseases. Advantages proposed for DNA vaccines include ease of manufacturing, stability, and the ability to elicit a strong immune response. However, challenges remain in terms of efficient delivery into cells and potential for immune tolerance. Research continues to explore their potential for infectious diseases, cancer, and autoimmune disorders.