DNAmetyylitys

DNAmetyylitys is a biological process that plays a crucial role in gene regulation without altering the underlying DNA sequence. It involves the addition of a methyl group, typically to a cytosine base, most commonly in the context of CpG dinucleotides. This epigenetic modification can influence gene expression by affecting the accessibility of DNA to transcription factors and other regulatory proteins. In mammals, DNAmetyylitys is primarily carried out by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes, and it is essential for normal development, cellular differentiation, and genomic imprinting.

The pattern of DNAmetyylitys is established during development and can be maintained through cell division. Aberrant DNAmetyylitys patterns are associated with various diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. For example, hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes can lead to their silencing, contributing to uncontrolled cell growth. Conversely, hypomethylation can lead to genomic instability and the activation of oncogenes. Research into DNAmetyylitys continues to uncover its complex roles in health and disease, leading to potential therapeutic strategies that target these epigenetic modifications.