DCexcited

DCexcited is a term used in discussions of non-equilibrium electronic phenomena in solid-state systems. It refers to a regime where direct current drive induces electronic excitations that cannot be fully captured by a simple thermal description. In this context, the applied DC field or current can create population imbalances, drive carriers into non-thermal distributions, and modify both transport and optical responses of a material.

The concept arises in theoretical and experimental studies of how steady or slowly varying electrical bias affects electronic structure and dynamics. Models of DCexcited states often consider interactions among electrons, phonons, and other quasiparticles, as well as field-driven transitions and heating effects. Distinguishing intrinsic DCexcited behavior from artifacts caused by Joule heating or unintended coupling to the environment is a common challenge in interpreting data.

Materials of interest include low-dimensional and strongly correlated systems such as graphene and other two-dimensional semiconductors, transition metal dichalcogenides, and certain perovskites. Reported signatures associated with DCexcited regimes include changes in conductivity that persist under controlled temperatures, bias-dependent optical emission or modulation, and terahertz or mid-infrared radiation generation linked to the non-equilibrium carrier distribution. Observations are often accompanied by debates about the relative roles of non-thermal excitations versus heating effects.

Applications proposed for DCexcited phenomena span fast modulators, electrically driven light sources, and neuromorphic or reservoir computing concepts, where controlled non-equilibrium states could be harnessed for information processing. The field remains exploratory, with ongoing work aimed at clarifying mechanisms, improving measurement techniques, and identifying robust material platforms. See also non-equilibrium transport, excitations, and Joule heating.