Cystor

Cystor is the plural form of cyst in some languages, and in English it is commonly referred to as cysts. A cyst is a closed sac or pouch that can contain fluid, air, or semi-solid material. Cysts are typically lined by a cellular membrane and can form in almost any tissue or organ. They may be congenital, developmental, inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic in origin, and many cysts are discovered incidentally during imaging for other reasons.

Cysts vary widely in size, appearance, and significance. Common examples include ovarian cysts, renal cysts, liver cysts, pancreatic cysts, breast cysts, and skin or subcutaneous cysts such as epidermoid or sebaceous cysts. Some cysts are simple and benign, while others may be complex or associated with underlying disease. A distinction is often made between true cysts, which have an epithelial lining, and pseudocysts, which lack a true lining and are typically a result of pancreatitis or trauma.

Symptoms depend on location and size. Many cysts are asymptomatic, but larger or strategically located cysts can cause pain, swelling, pressure on adjacent structures, or obstruction. Diagnosis usually starts with a medical history and physical examination, followed by imaging such as ultrasound, which is commonly the first-line modality. CT or MRI may be used for further characterization. In some cases, aspiration or biopsy is performed to determine contents or exclude malignancy.

Management ranges from observation for inactive, asymptomatic cysts to drainage, sclerotherapy, or surgical removal for symptomatic, enlarging, or suspicious cysts. Prognosis is generally favorable for benign cysts, though certain types linked to systemic diseases require targeted treatment of the underlying condition.