Cyberstalking

Cyberstalking refers to the use of electronic communications and online platforms to stalk, harass, or intimidate a target over time. It typically involves repeated, unwanted attention that seeks to control, monitor, or threaten the victim, and may occur across social media, email, messaging apps, and other digital channels. While related to online harassment, cyberstalking often carries a persistent, targeted pattern that creates fear or distress.

Common behaviors include:

- Persistent messages and calls;

- Threats or intimidation;

- Monitoring online activity;

- Doxxing or sharing private information;

- Impersonation or fake profiles;

- Spreading rumors;

- GPS tracking or spyware;

- Contacting friends, colleagues, or family;

- Stalking across multiple platforms.

Legal context varies by jurisdiction. Laws may criminalize or civilly address cyberstalking, with definitions and penalties differing by country or region. It may be prosecuted as stalking, harassment, or cyberstalking. Evidence such as messages, timestamps, and account records is important. Victims may seek restraining orders or protective orders and may pursue criminal charges; platforms may suspend or remove accounts.

Impact and safety considerations include psychological distress, fear, anxiety, sleep disruption, and potential effects on work or housing. There is also a risk of escalation to physical danger. Safety steps include saving and organizing evidence, adjusting privacy settings, blocking offenders, avoiding direct responses, reporting to platforms, contacting law enforcement, and seeking support from legal or mental health professionals.

Prevention and responses emphasize digital literacy and proactive privacy. Use strong passwords, enable two-factor authentication, limit personal information online, and be cautious with sharing location data. If there is immediate danger, contact emergency services.