Crashlanding

Crashlanding refers to the uncontrolled descent and impact of an aircraft or spacecraft with a surface, typically the ground or a celestial body. Unlike a controlled landing, a crashlanding occurs when the vehicle's systems fail, damage prevents normal operation, or it encounters an unforeseen emergency, such as extreme weather or a critical component failure.

The outcome of a crashlanding can range from minor damage to complete destruction of the vehicle and potentially severe injury or fatality to its occupants. Factors influencing the severity include the altitude at impact, the speed of descent, the terrain of the impact site, and the structural integrity of the vehicle. In some instances, particularly with spacecraft, a crashlanding might involve a deliberate, albeit uncontrolled, descent to minimize damage or ensure survival, sometimes referred to as a "controlled crash."

Emergency procedures and aircraft design often incorporate features to mitigate the risks associated with a crashlanding. These can include reinforced structures, energy-absorbing landing gear, emergency flotation devices for water landings, and survival equipment. Pilot training also emphasizes techniques to manage an uncontrolled descent as effectively as possible, aiming to reduce the impact forces and increase the chances of survival.