Corynebacteriaceae

Corynebacteriaceae is a family of Gram-positive bacteria within the order Actinomycetales. Members of this family are typically rod-shaped and can be found in a variety of environments, including soil, water, and as commensals or pathogens on or within animals and humans. A defining characteristic of many Corynebacteriaceae is their pleomorphism, meaning they can exhibit a range of shapes and sizes, often appearing club-shaped or V-shaped.

The genus Corynebacterium is the most well-known and medically significant within this family. It includes species that are important human pathogens, such as Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causative agent of diphtheria, a serious infectious disease. Other Corynebacterium species can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Beyond medical relevance, some Corynebacterium species are used in industrial applications, such as the production of enzymes or in bioremediation.

The family also encompasses other genera like Turicella and Tsukamurella, which are less commonly encountered but can also be found in various environments and sometimes associated with infections. Research into Corynebacteriaceae continues to explore their diverse ecological roles, pathogenic mechanisms, and potential biotechnological applications. Their cell wall structure, including the presence of mycolic acids in some species, is a key feature studied in their taxonomy and pathogenicity.