Corucheira

Corucheira is a term that generally refers to a type of cork oak tree, scientifically known as Quercus suber. This species is native to the western Mediterranean region and is particularly abundant in Portugal and Spain. The cork oak is renowned for its thick, corky bark, which is harvested periodically without harming the tree. This bark is the primary source of cork, a versatile and sustainable material used in a wide array of products, most famously for wine stoppers.

The cork oak tree itself is a slow-growing species that can live for centuries, with some specimens exceeding 200 years. It thrives in Mediterranean climates characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The harvesting of cork is a labor-intensive process, typically performed by skilled workers who carefully strip the bark using specialized axes. The process does not kill the tree; instead, the bark regenerates over time, with harvests usually occurring every nine to twelve years.

Beyond its economic importance for cork production, the cork oak plays a significant ecological role. Its dense canopy provides habitat and food for various wildlife, and its root system helps prevent soil erosion. The forests where cork oaks are cultivated, known as montados in Portugal and dehesas in Spain, are unique ecosystems that support biodiversity. The term "corucheira" thus encapsulates not just the tree itself but also the ecological and economic system it supports.