CorePromoters
CorePromoters are the minimal DNA sequences surrounding a gene's transcription start site that are sufficient to initiate transcription when bound by the basal transcription machinery. Positioned typically within roughly -40 to +40 nucleotides relative to the transcription start site, they recruit RNA polymerase II and general transcription factors necessary for the formation of the transcriptional pre-initiation complex.
Core promoter elements vary; common motifs include the TATA box, initiator (Inr), downstream promoter element (DPE),
Promoter architecture influences transcriptional strength and responsiveness; core promoters interact with proximal regulatory elements, enhancers, and
Endogenous mapping methods such as CAGE, RAMPAGE, and GRO-seq are used to map transcription start sites and
Clinical relevance: Variation in core promoter sequences can alter gene expression and contribute to disease phenotypes;