Contractúra

Contractúra refers to an abnormal, often prolonged, tightening or shortening of muscles, tendons, or other soft tissues. This condition can lead to a significant reduction in the range of motion at a joint, causing stiffness and pain. Contractures can develop for a variety of reasons, including prolonged immobility, injury, neurological conditions, or certain diseases.

When muscles are kept in a shortened position for an extended period, they can adapt to this length, leading to a functional shortening. This is common after injuries like burns or fractures where immobilization is necessary. Neurological conditions such as cerebral palsy, stroke, or spinal cord injury can also cause spasticity, which is an involuntary muscle tightness that can result in contractures over time. Certain medical conditions, like muscular dystrophy or arthritis, can also contribute to the development of these shortened tissues.

The effects of contractures can range from mild discomfort and restricted movement to severe disability. In some cases, the contracted tissues can become rigid and painful, making even simple movements difficult. Treatment often involves a multi-faceted approach, including physical therapy to stretch and lengthen the affected tissues, occupational therapy to help with daily activities, and sometimes surgical interventions to release the contracted muscles or tendons. Prevention is also key, focusing on maintaining range of motion through regular exercise and appropriate positioning, especially for individuals at risk.