Contracties

Contracties is the Dutch term for contractions. In English-language medical writing the term is usually translated as contraction or contractions and can refer to muscular contractions or uterine contractions during pregnancy and labor. The concept encompasses the neural and chemical processes that activate muscle fibers, causing shortening and increased tension, as well as the clinical observation of strength, duration, and frequency.

In physiology, a contraction results from electrical activation of muscle fibers, calcium signaling, and cross-bridge cycling within muscle cells. Clinically, contractions are described by their strength (mild to strong), duration (seconds), and interval between them.

In obstetrics, contractions are the primary mechanism driving labor. True labor contractions become regular, increase in intensity, and lead to gradual cervical dilation and effacement. They are distinguished from Braxton Hicks contractions, which are typically irregular and do not produce progressive cervical change.

Causes and assessment: contractions may be physiological, influenced by hormones such as oxytocin and prostaglandins, fluid balance, and fetal conditions, or may indicate complications if abnormal in frequency or strength. Tachysystole refers to excessive contractions (more than five in 10 minutes over a 30-minute window) and can affect fetal oxygenation; management depends on clinical context.

Contractures is a related but distinct term referring to permanent shortening of muscle, tendon, or connective tissue around a joint, resulting in restricted movement. They arise from scarring, immobilization, burns, or neuromuscular disease and are treated with physical therapy, splinting, or surgery.

Etymology: from Latin contractio, “a pulling together,” via Dutch.