Congresswoman

A congresswoman is a female member of a country's legislature that is called Congress, most commonly in the United States. The term is the feminine form of congressman, created by combining Congress with woman. In modern usage, some prefer gender-neutral forms such as congressperson or simply member of Congress to avoid gender specification. In the United States, women who serve in Congress are often referred to as congresswomen, especially those in the House of Representatives; female senators are typically called Senators, though press usage may occasionally use congresswoman when referring to the body as a whole.

A congresswoman represents constituents, proposes or votes on legislation, serves on committees, and oversees federal programs. Members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms with elections every even-numbered year, while senators serve six-year terms with staggered elections. The role carries constitutional duties in addition to ordinary legislative work, including drafting bills, debating and negotiating policy, and voting on laws. In the House, impeachment powers reside with the body, whereas in the Senate, duties include considering presidential appointments and treating treaties, in addition to legislative responsibilities.

Historical milestones illustrate the evolution of gender representation in Congress. Jeannette Rankin was among the first women elected to the House in 1916 (taking office in 1917). Over time, more women have joined both chambers, reflecting broader changes in political representation and public life. The term “congresswoman” thus reflects historical language for gendered political roles and remains part of the discussion about inclusive terminology in governance.

See also: Congressperson; female representation in government.