Compurgators

Compurgators were individuals in medieval Europe who served as guarantors or vouchers for the innocence of an accused person. They were often called as witnesses in cases of infidelity, perjury, and other serious crimes. The compurgator's role was to vouch for the character and reputation of the accused, swearing before witnesses that they knew the accused to be innocent.

The practice of compurgation was deeply rooted in medieval Germanic and Frankish law. In these societies, oaths and reputation were taken very seriously, and individuals were often judged by their social standing and character. To prove one's innocence, an accused person would take an oath before a court of peers or a higher authority. Comprurgators were selected to attest to the accused's good character, often drawing from a pool of acquaintances and associates who could vouch for their reputation.

The process of compurgation was often tied to social class and mobility. For example, a serf or a commoner might be unable to find suitable compurgators due to their social status, while someone from a noble or wealthier background would have an easier time securing support. This practice also raised concerns regarding social bias and the potential for manipulation.

The use of compurgators declined as early as the 13th century, as juridical systems began shifting towards more formal and objective procedures. By the 16th century, compurgation was largely replaced by newer systems of justice and testimonial evidence. Nonetheless, its influence on medieval European law and social structures remains significant, offering a glimpse into the complex social hierarchies and power dynamics of the time.