Coldburn

Coldburn is a colloquial term used to describe tissue injury that results from exposure to extreme cold, most often frostbite. It is not a formal medical diagnosis; clinicians typically distinguish between frostnip (mild) and frostbite (more significant tissue damage). Coldburn-like injuries occur when skin and deeper tissues freeze due to contact with freezing temperatures, wind chill, or immersion in cold water.

The injury progresses as cold exposure constricts blood vessels and ice crystals form within cells, causing cell damage and reduced blood flow. Early signs include numbness, tingling, and a pale or red skin change. In frostnip the skin may feel numb but remains reversible with warming. Frostbite involves deeper tissue damage and can produce hard, waxy skin, color changes to white or blue, persistent numbness, and later blisters after rewarming.

First aid emphasizes safe warming and protection. Move the person to a warm environment, remove wet clothing, and gently rewarm the affected areas in warm (not hot) water, about 37–39 C (98–102 F), for 15–30 minutes. Do not rub or massage the area, and avoid direct heat sources. Dry, sterile dressings should be used; avoid breaking any blisters. Seek urgent medical care for deep frostbite, signs of infection, persistent numbness, or if there is exposure to freezing temperatures with possible refreezing, especially in children, older adults, or if there is concern for tissue loss.

Prevention focuses on proper layering, keeping hands and feet protected in cold weather, staying dry, avoiding alcohol, and recognizing early symptoms of cold injury. Prognosis varies with severity; mild frostnip often resolves completely, while frostbite can lead to lasting sensitivity, chronic pain, or, in severe cases, tissue loss.