Coelogyninae

Coelogyninae is a subtribe of orchids belonging to the subfamily Epidendroideae. This group is characterized by a distinctive synsepal, a fused structure formed from the dorsal sepal and the two lateral sepals. The petals are typically free. The genus Coelogyne is the most prominent and representative member of this subtribe. Coelogyninae orchids are found predominantly in tropical Asia and on some Pacific islands. They exhibit a wide range of growth habits, including sympodial and monopodial types, though sympodial growth with pseudobulbs is common. Many species are epiphytic, growing on trees, while others are terrestrial or lithophytic, growing on rocks. The flowers of Coelogyninae orchids are often fragrant and can be quite showy, with a prominent labellum that is usually lobed and may bear keels or other ornamentation. Pollination mechanisms vary among species but often involve specific insect visitors attracted by visual cues and scent. Some well-known species within this subtribe include Coelogyne pandurata, known for its large, black-lipped flowers, and Coelogyne cristata, a popular horticultural subject with delicate white blooms. The taxonomic classification of Coelogyninae has been subject to revision, with molecular phylogenetic studies contributing to a better understanding of its evolutionary relationships.