Coccidiase

Coccidiase is a parasitic disease that affects the intestines of a wide variety of animals, including poultry, cattle, sheep, goats, and dogs. It is caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Eimeria. These single-celled organisms infect the cells lining the intestinal wall, leading to damage and impaired nutrient absorption. The severity of coccidiase can range from mild, with few or no visible symptoms, to severe, causing significant morbidity and mortality.

Infected animals typically shed oocysts, the infective stage of the parasite, in their feces. These oocysts are environmentally resistant and can survive for extended periods, posing a continuous source of infection in contaminated environments. Transmission occurs through the ingestion of these oocysts, often facilitated by poor hygiene and overcrowding. Clinical signs of coccidiase can include diarrhea, which may be bloody, lethargy, loss of appetite, poor growth, and reduced productivity. Young animals are particularly susceptible.

Diagnosis is usually made through microscopic examination of fecal samples to identify oocysts. Treatment involves the use of anticoccidial drugs, which are often administered in feed or water. Prevention strategies are crucial and focus on maintaining good hygiene, reducing stocking density, ensuring proper ventilation, and implementing rotational grazing where applicable. In poultry, vaccinations are also available. Effective management of coccidiase is essential for maintaining animal health and economic viability in livestock production.