Coalbased

Coalbased is an adjective used to describe products, processes, or systems that rely on coal as a primary resource or energy source. It commonly refers to coal-based electricity generation, coal-based chemicals, and coal-derived fuels produced through gasification or liquefaction.

Coal-based electricity is generated in power plants that burn coal to heat boilers, convert water to steam, and drive turbines. Advances include higher-efficiency designs such as supercritical and ultrasupercritical boilers, and, in some cases, the application of carbon capture and storage or utilization to mitigate emissions.

Coal gasification converts coal into synthesis gas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which can be used for electric power, hydrogen production, or as a feedstock for chemicals and fuels. Indirect coal liquefaction and direct coal liquefaction are two pathways to produce liquid fuels, collectively referred to as coal-to-liquids (CTL). Coal-based chemicals use synthesis gas to produce methanol, ammonia, and hydrocarbons, with technologies that include Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and related processes.

Environmental considerations are central to discussions of coalbased systems. Compared with many other energy and chemical options, coal-based operations typically emit higher CO2 per unit energy and can release pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Mitigation approaches include carbon capture and storage, emission controls, and improvements in plant efficiency, along with stringent mining and waste-management practices.

Globally, the role of coalbased technologies varies by region, influenced by resource availability, energy security, and climate policy; some areas continue to expand or maintain coal-based capacity, while others phase it out in favor of lower-emission options.