CloseRange

Closerange is a general term used across multiple disciplines to denote distances that are near a reference point, such as a sensor, an observer, or a subject. The meaning is relative to the typical operating or measurement range of a given system, and closerange is usually contrasted with mid-range, long-range, or far-range distances.

In optics and photography, closerange refers to short working distances between camera and subject. Close-range or close-up photography aims to resolve fine details, often employing macro lenses and extension, with typical subject distances ranging from a few centimeters to about a meter depending on equipment and framing. Close-range correction and calibration are concerns in precision imaging.

In ballistics and law enforcement, close-range engagements describe encounters at short distance where ballistic performance, targeting, and recoil behavior differ from longer engagements. Definitions vary by jurisdiction, but common criteria include ranges on the order of tens to a few hundred meters. Tactics, training, and equipment are adapted accordingly to maximize accuracy and safety.

In surveying and 3D measurement, close-range methods such as ground-based photogrammetry and close-range sensing use imagery and range data collected at close proximity to the object. These techniques can produce high-resolution models and measurements for small-scale subjects, structures, or components.

The term is also used informally in other fields to indicate proximity and may appear hyphenated or as a compound noun depending on style guides. See also close range.