Clasele

Clasele, also known as classes, are fundamental units of organization in object-oriented programming (OOP). They serve as blueprints for creating objects, which are instances of these classes. Each class encapsulates data for the object and methods to manipulate that data. This encapsulation helps in organizing code and promoting reusability.

Classes define attributes, which are variables that hold data, and methods, which are functions that perform operations on the data. For example, a class named "Car" might have attributes like "color" and "model," and methods like "start_engine" and "stop_engine."

Inheritance is a key feature of classes in OOP. It allows a new class to inherit attributes and methods from an existing class, promoting code reuse and establishing a hierarchical relationship between classes. For instance, a "Sedan" class might inherit from the "Car" class, adding specific attributes and methods relevant to sedans.

Polymorphism is another important concept related to classes. It allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass. This enables methods to operate on objects of various classes through a unified interface.

Classes are a cornerstone of OOP, providing a structured way to manage complexity in software development. They facilitate the creation of modular, maintainable, and scalable code.