ClC6H4CH3

ClC6H4CH3, more commonly known as chlorotoluene, is a family of organic compounds derived from toluene where one hydrogen atom on the benzene ring has been substituted by a chlorine atom. The position of the chlorine atom relative to the methyl group determines the specific isomer. There are three main isomers: ortho-chlorotoluene (2-chlorotoluene), meta-chlorotoluene (3-chlorotoluene), and para-chlorotoluene (4-chlorotoluene). These isomers are colorless liquids with distinct odors and varying boiling points and solubilities.

Ortho-chlorotoluene has the chlorine atom adjacent to the methyl group. Meta-chlorotoluene has the chlorine atom separated by one carbon from the methyl group, and para-chlorotoluene has the chlorine atom directly opposite the methyl group. The synthesis of chlorotoluenes typically involves the electrophilic aromatic substitution of toluene with chlorine, often in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst like ferric chloride. The reaction conditions can influence the ratio of isomers produced, with para-chlorotoluene often being the most abundant isomer under typical conditions.

Chlorotoluenes find application as intermediates in the synthesis of various chemicals, including dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and other specialty organic compounds. They can undergo further chemical reactions such as oxidation, reduction, and nucleophilic substitution to create a diverse range of products. Their specific uses depend on the isomer and the desired end product. Environmental considerations and safety precautions are important when handling chlorotoluenes due to their potential toxicity and flammability.