Ciganiem

Ciganiem is a term that appears in some Romanian-language sources to refer to the Roma people. In contemporary Romanian usage, the ethnonym most often preferred is Romani or Rom, while the older term țigan (plural țigani) is widely recognized as historical or pejorative in many contexts. Because language and perception vary by region and time, ciganiem is not the standard name for the group in official discourse.

Etymology and usage

The Romanian term is linked to exonyms used for Roma across Europe, such as the French tzigane or the Turkish Çingene, which in turn trace back to older labels in the broader Mediterranean and Balkan regions. The exact linguistic lineage to the Romanian form is debated, and ciganiem, when encountered, is typically considered archaic or potentially stigmatizing in modern usage.

Population and distribution

The Roma are a diverse, transnational ethnic group living across Europe and beyond. In many countries, they form significant minority communities with varied languages, customs, and levels of integration. Romania hosts a large Roma population and has been central to debates about minority rights, education, and social inclusion.

Language and culture

Romani, the traditional language of the Roma, comprises multiple dialects and is often spoken alongside majority languages. Cultural practices include distinct music, crafts, family structures, and communal networks. Practices and beliefs can vary widely among subgroups and regions.

History and contemporary issues

Roma history includes centuries of migration and settlement, along with periods of discrimination and persecution, including the Roma genocide during World War II. In modern Europe, Roma communities frequently face inequality in education, housing, and employment, despite anti-discrimination laws and advocacy by Roma rights organizations. International bodies and national governments continue to pursue policies aimed at improving inclusion, access to services, and social participation.