Chrysididae

Chrysididae, commonly known as mud daubers, are a family of solitary bees belonging to the order Hymenoptera. They are characterized by their distinctive mud nests, which are constructed from a mixture of mud, saliva, and plant fibers. These nests are typically attached to the underside of leaves or other surfaces, and can vary in size from a few centimeters to over 10 centimeters in diameter. The family includes over 1,000 species, which are found worldwide, with the highest diversity in tropical regions.

Mud daubers are known for their unique nesting behavior. They construct their nests by mixing mud with saliva and plant fibers, creating a strong, waterproof structure. The nests are typically divided into several cells, each containing a single egg and a provision of prey, such as caterpillars or other insects. The larvae develop within these cells, feeding on the provisioned prey.

Chrysididae are important pollinators, as they visit flowers to collect nectar and pollen for their larvae. They are also beneficial predators, as they help control populations of pest insects. The family includes both ground-nesting and tree-nesting species, with the latter often constructing their nests in the forks of trees or on the trunks of branches.

The taxonomy of Chrysididae is complex, with many species and subspecies described. The family is divided into several subfamilies, including Chrysidinae, Heterospilinae, and Leioproctinae. Each subfamily has its own unique characteristics and nesting behaviors.

Chrysididae are a diverse and important group of solitary bees, with a wide range of species found in various habitats around the world. Their unique nesting behavior and beneficial ecological roles make them a valuable component of many ecosystems.