Chlamydotis

Chlamydotis is a small genus of large, ground-dwelling birds in the bustard family Otididae. It comprises two extant species: Chlamydotis undulata, the Sociable Bustard, and Chlamydotis macqueenii, Macqueen's Bustard. The genus was established to reflect differences from closely related bustards, and mitochondrial and other studies supported recognizing these species in Chlamydotis as a distinct lineage.

Both species are among the larger bustards, with stocky bodies, long legs, and cryptically mottled brown plumage that blends with dry grasslands. Males are generally larger than females and perform elaborate courtship displays that may include wing flashing, bowing, and display runs. Outside the breeding season, Sociable Bustards may form large flocks, whereas Macqueen's Bustard tends toward solitary or small-group associations.

Habitat and range: They inhabit open, dry habitats such as grassland, scrub, and agricultural areas. Sociable Bustard's range covers parts of North Africa and the Middle East (with presence in suitable habitats in nearby regions), while Macqueen's Bustard is found across arid regions from the Middle East through Central Asia to the Indian subcontinent. Both species are strong walkers and require expansive tracts of undisturbed ground.

Diet: They feed on a mix of seeds, plant matter, and invertebrates, selecting foods that change with season and locality.

Conservation: Chlamydotis species face threats from habitat loss, overgrazing, hunting, and disruption from development. As a result, both species are of conservation concern in many parts of their range, with regional protections and management efforts aimed at preserving open habitat and reducing disturbance.