Chisti

The Chisti order, or Chishtiyya, is one of the major Sufi orders within Sunni Islam. It traces its origins to the Chisht valley near Herat in present-day Afghanistan, and is traditionally linked to Abu Ishaq Shami (also known as al-Chisti), who is regarded as its founder in the 9th or 10th century. The order emphasizes ihsan or spiritual excellence, with a focus on God through love, humility, and service to others.

The Chisti path gained prominence in the Indian subcontinent from the 12th century onward, where its influence grew through a lineage of saints and sharifs. Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti, whose shrine is at Ajmer in Rajasthan, became the most renowned figure and a focal point of pilgrimage for many Muslims and Hindus alike. Other major Chishti figures include Nizamuddin Auliya in Delhi and Fariduddin Ganj Shakar (Baba Farid) in Pakpattan, who helped establish the order’s presence across South Asia. The Chisti tradition is noted for its inclusive approach, hospitality, and emphasis on social welfare (khidmat), as well as a devotion that centers on love for God.

Practices associated with the Chishti order often include dhikr (remembrance of God) and gatherings that incorporate music and poetry, particularly qawwali, which became a characteristic feature at many Chishti centers. While music is not a doctrinal requirement, it has played a cultural role in facilitating spiritual experience within the tradition.

Today, the Chisti order persists in multiple lineages and dargahs across South Asia and the broader Muslim world, continuing to influence Sufi practice, popular spirituality, and regional culture.