Chhetris

Chhetris, also known as Chhetri, are a Hindu caste group primarily found in Nepal and in parts of northern India. They belong to the Khas Arya family and are traditionally regarded as Kshatriyas, the warrior and ruler varna in the classical Hindu hierarchy. Historically, Chhetris formed the ruling and military elite of Nepal’s hill states, contributing generals and administrators to the Gorkha Kingdom and to the unification of Nepal.

Demographics and geography: They are one of the largest caste groups in Nepal, with a strong presence in central and western hill districts. The common language is Nepali, part of the broader Khas linguistic group, with many speaking regional Nepali dialects as well. Chhetris are also part of diaspora communities in India and abroad.

Culture and religion: The majority practice Hinduism, and festival life centers on Dashain and Tihar. Kinship is typically patrilineal, and marriages are often arranged within the caste, though urban and inter-caste unions have become more common in recent decades. Traditional social practices have historically included caste-based rites and clan-based lineages.

Social structure and surnames: In traditional hierarchy, Chhetris are regarded as an upper-caste group within Nepal’s multi-caste society. Modern Nepal emphasizes equal rights under the constitution, and measures promoting social inclusion have influenced changes in marriage and education. Common Chhetri surnames include Thapa, Basnet, Rana, Shah, Kunwar, Pun, Poudel, Pokharel, Joshi, Bista, Adhikari, and Bhattarai.

Notable roles: Chhetris have significantly influenced Nepal’s politics, administration, and military, with many leaders and public figures rooted in Chhetri lineages.