Cheeks

The cheeks are the fleshy regions on either side of the face, extending from the infraorbital area to the jawline and forming the lateral contours of the midface. They encompass skin, subcutaneous tissue, and a muscular layer that, together with underlying bone and fat, shapes facial expression and function. The zygomatic bones contribute to the bony prominence of the cheeks, while the buccal fat pads lie deep within the cheek, separated from the muscles by fascial planes. The buccinator muscle forms the main muscular wall of the cheek and works with other facial muscles such as the zygomaticus and risorius to produce expressions.

Innervation and circulation: sensation over the cheek is provided by branches of the trigeminal nerve, notably the buccal branches of the maxillary division (V2) and the infraorbital region. Motor control of the cheek muscles is through the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). Blood supply comes primarily from the facial artery and its cheek branches, with additional contribution from the transverse facial and buccal arteries. Lymph drainage typically involves the facial and submandibular lymph nodes, with contributions to the parotid nodes in some regions.

Functions: the cheeks support facial expression, aid in the articulation and shaping of speech, and assist in mastication by helping position the bolus and keep food between teeth. They also contribute to oral competence and, in older adults, may undergo volume changes that affect facial contour.

Clinical relevance: cheek anatomy is considered in trauma (zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures), cosmetic procedures (cheek augmentation or fat-pad reduction), and oral or infectious conditions affecting the buccal mucosa or salivary glands.