Cementatie

Cementation is a general term for the binding of materials by cementing agents or by diffusion processes that produce a hard, cohesive phase. In geology and sedimentology, cementation refers to diagenetic processes in which mineral precipitates from pore waters bind sediment grains together, forming rock. Common cements include calcite, silica, and iron oxides; cementation reduces porosity and permeability and is a key step in lithification along with compaction. The chemistry and temperature history of the sediment, as well as fluid flow, influence cementation and the resulting rock strength and porosity.

In metallurgy, cementation (often called carburizing) is a heat-treatment process in which carbon diffuses into the surface of iron or steel to form a harder, wear-resistant layer. Historically, it was used to produce high-carbon surface grades while preserving a softer core. Typical procedures involve placing the metal in a carbon-rich atmosphere or solid medium at elevated temperatures for extended periods, followed by quenching and/or tempering. Modern variants include gas-carburizing and vacuum-carburizing, with precise control over case depth and carbon content.

In dentistry, cementation is the procedure of attaching a dental prosthesis, such as a crown or bridge, to a prepared tooth using luting cement. The choice of cement affects retention, marginal seal, and the possibility of future retrieval. Common cement types range from temporary zinc oxide eugenol to permanent glass ionomer and resin cements, each with its properties and handling characteristics.

Cementation thus describes several distinct processes across disciplines, united by the idea of creating a bonded, cohesive layer or connection through a cementing agent or diffusion mechanism. In Dutch usage, cementatie is the term commonly used for these processes, depending on the discipline.