Cellája

Cellája is a Hungarian term that translates to "cell" in English. It is most commonly used in biological contexts to refer to the fundamental unit of life. In biology, a cell is the smallest structural, functional, and biological unit of all known organisms. Cells are often called the "building blocks of life." The study of cells is called cell biology.

The term "cell" was first coined by the English scientist Robert Hooke in 1665. He observed a slice of cork under a microscope and noticed that it was composed of small, repeating units that reminded him of the monastic cells where monks lived. These observations were later expanded upon by scientists like Anton van Leeuwenhoek, who described the first living cells.

Cells can be broadly categorized into two main types: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are simpler and lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria and archaea are examples of prokaryotes. Eukaryotic cells are more complex, possessing a nucleus that houses the genetic material and various other organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Plants, animals, fungi, and protists are composed of eukaryotic cells.

The structure of a cell typically includes a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material. The cell membrane regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell. The cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that fills the cell and contains various organelles. The genetic material, usually DNA, carries the instructions for the cell's functions and reproduction. Cells perform a multitude of essential functions, including metabolism, growth, response to stimuli, and reproduction, ensuring the continuation of life.