Cellekromosomene

Cellekromosomene, often referred to as chromosomes, are thread-like structures found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. They are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) tightly coiled around proteins called histones. This DNA contains the genetic information of an organism, organized into genes.

During cell division, chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope. Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46, with one set inherited from each parent. These include 22 pairs of autosomes, which are the same in both sexes, and one pair of sex chromosomes that determine an individual's sex. Females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY).

The primary function of chromosomes is to carry and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next. They ensure that each new cell receives a complete and accurate copy of the organism's DNA. The structure of chromosomes allows for efficient packaging of the very long DNA molecule within the confines of the cell nucleus. Errors in chromosome number or structure, known as chromosomal abnormalities, can lead to various genetic disorders.