Caytoniidae

Caytoniidae is an extinct family of conifers that lived during the Mesozoic Era. They are known for their unique seed cones, which were adapted for wind pollination and seed dispersal. The family was first described by Robert Spence in 1891.

The Caytoniidae were a group of primitive conifers that were likely early relatives of the modern conifers. They were characterized by their simple seed cones, which were terminal on upright branchlets. The cones were often small, with few scales that were closely packed. The seeds of caytoniid conifers were typically large and wingless.

Fossil evidence suggests that the Caytoniidae were widespread during the Middle to Late Triassic period, approximately 230-240 million years ago. They were present on multiple continents, including Europe, Asia, and North America. The family is thought to have gone extinct by the end of the Triassic period, along with many other conifer families.

Phylogenetic studies have placed the Caytoniidae within the conifer clade, but their exact relationships are still unclear. Some research suggests that they may be closely related to the Araucariaceae family, while others propose a connection to the Pinaceae family. Further study is needed to fully understand the evolutionary history of the Caytoniidae.

The Caytoniidae are represented by several genera, including Caytonia, De nurture Torreycaytonia, and Glaucovalia. Their fossil remains have been found in sedimentary rocks on multiple continents, providing valuable insights into the evolution and diversity of ancient conifers.