Cat

The domestic cat (Felis catus or Felis silvestris catus) is a small, carnivorous mammal in the family Felidae. It is one of the most widespread and popular pets worldwide, valued for companionship and pest control. Domestic cats are descended from the wildcat Felis silvestris lybica, domesticated in the Near East during the Neolithic.

Cats have a compact, highly flexible body, sharp retractable claws, keen senses, and exceptional agility. They possess acute night vision and hearing, and a highly developed sense of smell. Whiskers provide tactile input to gauge gaps and navigate surroundings. As obligate carnivores, they require diets rich in animal protein and nutrients such as taurine.

Behavior varies widely; many cats are territorial and solitary hunters, yet they can form social groups with humans and other cats. They communicate with vocalizations (meow, purr, hiss), body language, and scent marking. Reproduction: females can have multiple litters per year; gestation is about 63-65 days; litter size commonly 1-8 kittens. Sexual maturity typically occurs around 5-12 months.

Domestication and human use: cats have been valued for rodent control and companionship for thousands of years. Breeds vary in coat length, color, and temperament; cats are kept as indoor, outdoor, or mixed households. Care includes regular veterinary care, vaccinations, parasite control, enrichment, and neutering to prevent unwanted litters and reduce certain health risks.

Variants and welfare: domestic cats show wide variation in appearance and behavior. Feral populations can arise, and responsible ownership helps address welfare concerns and overpopulation.