Carnavales

Carnavales are festive celebrations held in many countries, particularly in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking communities, that take place before the liturgical season of Lent. They are characterized by public street parties, parades, masquerade costumes, music, dancing, feasting, and often symbolic rites. The timing varies by year, but events typically occur in the weeks leading up to Ash Wednesday, with some cities extending celebrations for days or weeks.

Origins of carnavales lie in a blend of pre-Christian and Christian traditions. They emerged in Europe as seasonal carnivals marking the approach of Lent and an opportunity for communal reversal of social norms. Over centuries they absorbed influences from African, Caribbean, and indigenous cultures, becoming a global phenomenon in many regions through colonial and migration links.

Common elements include street processions with elaborately decorated floats, samba or other music styles, masked balls, and public feasting. Some locales have distinctive practices, such as the burial of a symbolic sardine in Spain or the King Momo figure presiding over festivities. The scale, costumes, and musical repertoires vary widely by region.

Notable carnavales include the Rio de Janeiro Carnival in Brazil, celebrated with large samba parades and school competitions; the Santa Cruz de Tenerife Carnival in Spain, famed for extravagant costumes; the Cádiz Carnival in Spain, known for its satirical chirigotas; and various Caribbean and Latin American carnivals like Barranquilla in Colombia and Montevideo in Uruguay. In many places carnavales also serve as major tourist attractions and have significant economic and social impact, with ongoing discussions about safety, inclusivity, and cultural heritage.

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