Cardiotóxico

Cardiotóxico refers to a substance or agent that is harmful to the heart. This can manifest in various ways, including damage to the heart muscle (myocardium), disruption of the heart's electrical system, or impairment of its pumping function. The effects of cardiotoxic agents can range from mild and reversible to severe and life-threatening.

Many substances can exhibit cardiotoxicity. Certain medications used in chemotherapy, such as anthracyclines and taxanes, are known to have cardiotoxic side effects. Some recreational drugs, like cocaine and methamphetamine, can also severely damage the heart. Environmental toxins, heavy metals, and even some natural products can pose a risk. In some cases, infections or excessive alcohol consumption can also lead to cardiotoxicity.

The mechanisms by which cardiotoxic agents exert their effects are diverse. They can induce oxidative stress, trigger inflammation, interfere with cellular energy production, or directly damage cellular structures within the heart. This damage can lead to conditions such as cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, heart failure, or myocardial infarction.

Diagnosis of cardiotoxicity often involves a combination of clinical evaluation, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and blood tests to assess cardiac function and enzyme levels. Management strategies depend on the specific agent and the severity of the cardiac damage. They may include discontinuing the offending agent, administering supportive therapies to improve heart function, or using specific antidotes if available. Prevention often involves careful monitoring of patients receiving potentially cardiotoxic treatments and exploring alternative, less toxic therapies when possible.