Carbohydratedominant

Carbohydratedominant refers to a dietary pattern or biochemical context in which carbohydrates are the primary macronutrient source for energy or functional roles. In human nutrition, a carbohydrate‑dominant diet typically supplies more than 50% of total caloric intake from glucose‐derived sugars, starches, and fiber, compared with proteins or fats. This pattern has been promoted in various cultural diets, including many traditional Asian and Mediterranean cuisines, where rice, bread, pasta, legumes, and fruits provide the majority of calories.

In metabolic studies, carbohydrate dominance is defined by the proportion of glycolytic flux and glycogen synthesis relative to fatty acid oxidation. When glucose is abundant, the body prioritizes oxidative phosphorylation of glycolytic intermediates, and insulin secretion drives hepatic glycogen storage. Excess glucose can be converted to fatty acids via de novo lipogenesis, potentially contributing to fatty liver disease if caloric intake remains in excess.

Health research has produced mixed findings. Moderate carbohydrate dominance, particularly when emphasizing whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk and better glycemic control. However, diets high in refined sugars and low in fiber may increase the risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. The WHO recommends that carbohydrates constitute 55‑65% of total energy intake for most populations, while emphasizing quality over quantity.

Carbohydratedominant terminology is also used in microbiology to describe ecosystems where carbohydrate‑utilizing microorganisms prevail, such as in the gut microbiome of individuals consuming high‑fiber diets. In these communities, saccharolytic bacteria outnumber amylolytic or proteolytic species, shaping host digestion and immune modulation.

Overall, carbohydrate dominance as a concept spans human nutrition, metabolic physiology, and microbial ecology, with variable implications depending on the carbohydrate source, total caloric balance, and individual metabolic status.