Cannabinoidien

Cannabinoidien (cannabinoids) are a diverse class of chemical compounds that interact with the endocannabinoid system in animals, including humans. They can be endogenous (produced by the body), plant-derived (phytocannabinoids), or synthetic.

Phytocannabinoids are found primarily in Cannabis sativa and related species. The best known examples are delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabinol (CBN), and several others with varying potency and effects.

Endocannabinoids are produced by the body and include anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). These endogenous cannabinoids, together with their receptors, form the endocannabinoid system, which modulates pain, mood, appetite, immune function, and other processes. Many cannabinoids also interact with additional targets such as TRP channels or PPAR receptors.

Mechanism: Cannabinoids exert effects mainly by activating CB1 receptors in the central nervous system and CB2 receptors in the immune system, though the affinity and activity vary widely among compounds. This leads to a range of psychoactive, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiemetic, or neuroprotective effects depending on the compound and dose.

Medical use and regulation: Some cannabinoids have approved medical applications in various jurisdictions (for example, synthetic THC and related medicines; CBD-based therapies for certain seizure disorders). Regulations vary, from approved medical products to strict prohibitions on cannabis.

Safety and research: Adverse effects may include dizziness, cognitive impairment, sedation, or mood changes, especially with high-THC products. Potential for dependence exists with some cannabinoids. Ongoing research explores therapeutic potential, safety, and optimal formulations.