Camonica

Camonica, commonly known as Val Camonica, is a valley in Lombardy, northern Italy. It follows the Oglio River from the central Alpine foothills toward the Lombard plain, extending toward Brescia and Lake Iseo. It is one of the longest valleys in the region and contains numerous municipalities, including Breno, Capo di Ponte, Darfo Boario Terme, Bienno, and Gianico. The name derives from the ancient Camuni, the inhabitants known from historical and archaeological sources.

History and archaeology: The valley has been inhabited since the Mesolithic era. It is renowned for its rock art, one of Europe’s most extensive and well-preserved traditions. The petroglyphs, carved into limestone cliffs and boulders, span from late Neolithic and Bronze Age into the Iron Age and depict hunting scenes, animals, human figures, and symbolic motifs such as the Camunian rose. Prominent sites include the Naquane Archaeological Park at Capo di Ponte and the Seradina-Bedolina area, which preserve large concentrations of carvings.

World Heritage and heritage management: In 1979, the Rock Art of the Camunian Valleys was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its long chronology and rich artistic production. Site management encompasses archaeological parks, museums, and cross-municipal protection and interpretation efforts to preserve the carvings and related landscapes.

Economy and culture: Today Val Camonica combines archaeology with tourism, outdoor recreation, and crafts. Spa towns such as Darfo Boario Terme attract visitors, while towns like Bienno preserve historic ironworking and craft traditions. The region also offers hiking, winter sports, and cultural events centered on its prehistoric art.