Calibratsiooni

Calibratsiooni refers to the process of adjusting and verifying the accuracy of a measuring instrument or system to ensure its readings correspond to known standards. The term originates from the Latin *calibrare*, meaning "to provide with a scale," and is widely used in fields such as engineering, physics, and metrology. Proper calibration is essential for maintaining precision in measurements, whether in industrial manufacturing, scientific research, or everyday applications like medical devices.

The calibration process typically involves comparing the instrument’s output against a reference standard of known accuracy. This may include adjusting mechanical components, recalibrating electronic sensors, or compensating for environmental factors like temperature or humidity. Periodic calibration is crucial because instruments can drift over time due to wear, environmental exposure, or other factors. Standards such as ISO/IEC 17025 provide guidelines for ensuring traceability and reliability in calibration procedures.

Calibration is distinct from maintenance, which focuses on repairing or replacing worn parts, though the two often overlap. In industries like aerospace or pharmaceuticals, where precision is critical, calibration is a regulated requirement to meet safety and quality standards. Automated calibration systems, using software and standardized test equipment, are increasingly employed to improve efficiency and reduce human error.

While calibration ensures accuracy, it does not guarantee long-term stability. Regular recalibration intervals depend on the instrument’s usage, environmental conditions, and manufacturer recommendations. Proper documentation of calibration records is also important for traceability and compliance with industry regulations. Overall, calibration is a foundational practice in maintaining the integrity of measurement systems across diverse applications.