CSVd
Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) is a plant pathogen in the viroid category. Viroids are small, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules that infect plants and do not encode proteins. CSVd's genome is about 359 nucleotides in length and replicates in the plant cell nucleus using host enzymes through a rolling-circle mechanism. It mainly infects chrysanthemums and can also infect a limited range of other ornamental plants in the Asteraceae family. Symptoms are variable and depend on cultivar and environmental conditions.
Symptoms of CSVd infection include stunted growth, distorted and cupped leaves, poor flowering, flower deformities, and
CSVd is transmitted primarily through vegetative propagation and grafting of infected plant material. It can spread
Diagnosis relies on molecular methods such as reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and quantitative RT-PCR, as well
Management focuses on prevention and sanitation. Use certified virus-free propagation material, implement quarantine procedures, and regularly