CMYKn

CMYKn is a term used to describe a proposed extension of the traditional subtractive color model CMYK by incorporating an additional neutral component, denoted as n. In this framework, colors are represented by four channels: cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and a neutral (N) channel, with each component typically defined on a 0 to 1 scale. The C, M, and Y channels continue to drive color hue through subtractive mixing, while the N channel aims to encode neutral luminance information separately from chromatic content.

Rationale and potential benefits. The idea behind CMYKn is to improve the reproduction of neutrals and tonal ranges, particularly in print workflows where a dedicated neutral ink or grayscale pass could be utilized. By carrying a separate neutral component, color management systems could achieve more stable neutral grays, reduce metamerism, and potentially simplify the conversion from device-independent color spaces to printer-specific spaces. Proponents view CMYKn as a way to extend color fidelity without overhauling existing pigment sets.

Implementation considerations. Realizing CMYKn in practice would require hardware capable of rendering a distinct N channel, such as a dedicated neutral ink or an added grayscale pass, along with new or modified ICC profiles and rendering algorithms. Conversion from RGB or LAB to CMYKn would also necessitate specialized workflows to balance chromatic and neutral outputs. As of now, CMYKn remains largely theoretical or experimental, with limited adoption in commercial printing.

Relation to related concepts. CMYKn intersects with multichannel ink systems (for example, CMYK with an additional neutral ink), grayscale optimization, and advanced color-management research. It is distinct from standard CMYK workflows, emphasizing an explicit separation of neutral luminance from color channels.