CGH

CGH is an abbreviation that can refer to various concepts depending on the context. In the field of genetics, CGH stands for Comparative Genomic Hybridization, a molecular cytogenetic method used to analyze chromosomal imbalances and variations. This technique compares the DNA of a test sample to a reference sample to identify gains or losses of genetic material across the genome. It is commonly used in cancer research, genetic disorder diagnosis, and prenatal testing, providing a high-resolution map of chromosomal abnormalities without the need for cell culture.

In a different context, CGH can also refer to a geographic or corporate abbreviation, such as the IATA airport code for Columbia Gorge Regional Airport in Oregon, or a corporate entity name.

Comparative Genomic Hybridization works by labeling test and reference DNA with different fluorescent dyes, then hybridizing them to a microarray or metaphase chromosomes. The relative fluorescence intensity indicates whether specific sections of the genome are amplified or deleted, facilitating detection of copy number variations that may be linked to disease states or developmental anomalies.

CGH has evolved into advanced techniques like array CGH (aCGH), which enhances resolution and allows for more detailed analysis of genetic variations. This method has become an important tool in genomics, offering insights into complex genetic mechanisms and supporting personalized medicine approaches.

Overall, CGH is a significant technique in genetic analysis, providing critical information for diagnosing genetic disorders and understanding chromosomal abnormalities. Its development has contributed to advancements in medical genetics and genomic research globally.