CD184

CD184, also known as CCR5, is a protein that plays a crucial role in the immune system of humans. It is a member of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor 1 subfamily of receptors. CD184 is expressed on the surface of certain cells, including T cells and macrophages, where it functions as a co-receptor that aids in the binding and entry of certain viruses, such as HIV.

The protein is encoded by the CC chemokine receptor 5 gene, CC chemokine receptor 5, located on the short arm of chromosome 3. CD184 is a glycoprotein with multiple think zone/extracellular region, cytoplasmic, and seven-transmembrane domains. Its extracellular domain consists of four immunoglobulin-like protomers that are around 26-28 kDa in size each. The receptor can be cleaved to form two separate subunits.

CD184 functions by binding to specific peptides of chemokines, leading to the activation of G protein and subsequent signaling cascades. This signaling promotes the movement of immune cells to sites of inflammation or infection. CD184 is also involved in the presentation of antigens by antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages, and plays a key role in the adaptive immune response.

The CD184 receptor has been implicated in several diseases, including HIV/AIDS. The delta 32 mutation, which results in the deletion of a single base pair, leads to a frameshift in the arginine four domain and a mutation to leucine. This mutation causes CD184 to be partially degraded and leads to a reduction in the cells' ability to be infected by HIV. Individuals with the delta 32 mutation are partially protected against HIV infection and are generally considered to have reduced transmissibility of HIV.