CB2reseptorille

The CB2 receptor (cannabinoid receptor type 2) is a member of the cannabinoid receptor family, primarily found in the peripheral nervous system and immune cells rather than the central nervous system. Unlike the more well-known CB1 receptor, which is predominantly located in the brain and plays a role in mediating psychoactive effects, the CB2 receptor is associated with modulating immune responses and inflammatory processes.

CB2 receptors were first identified in the late 1990s through molecular cloning studies, following the discovery of endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) and their receptors. These receptors are expressed at high levels in immune cells such as macrophages, microglia, T-cells, and B-cells, as well as in certain non-neuronal tissues like the spleen, tonsils, and bone marrow. Their activation influences immune cell proliferation, cytokine production, and apoptosis, suggesting a regulatory role in inflammation and autoimmune diseases.

Activation of CB2 receptors can reduce inflammation and pain perception, making them a potential target for therapeutic interventions in conditions such as arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and neuropathic pain. Unlike CB1 receptors, CB2 activation does not typically produce psychoactive effects, which has spurred interest in developing CB2-selective agonists for medical use. However, research remains ongoing to fully understand their mechanisms and potential applications.

The endogenous ligands for CB2 receptors include compounds like 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide, though their affinity for CB2 is generally lower than for CB1. Synthetic cannabinoids and plant-derived cannabinoids, such as those found in cannabis, can also interact with CB2 receptors, though their selectivity varies. Ongoing studies continue to explore the therapeutic potential of CB2 modulation in treating chronic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, and other inflammatory disorders.