C6H4N2O4

C6H4N2O4 refers to dinitrobenzene, a set of three isomeric nitroaromatic compounds in which two nitro groups are attached to a benzene ring. The isomers are 1,2-dinitrobenzene (ortho), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (meta), and 1,4-dinitrobenzene (para). Although they share the same molecular formula, the relative positions of the nitro groups give each isomer distinct physical and chemical properties.

Dinitrobenzenes are typically solids at room temperature, often appearing as pale yellow crystals with limited water solubility and greater solubility in organic solvents. They are commonly produced by nitration of nitrobenzene under controlled conditions, yielding a mixture of isomers that can be separated by crystallization or other purification methods.

Industrial use centers on their role as intermediates in the synthesis of other nitroaromatic compounds, dyes, polymers, and specialty chemicals. Some pathways involve further nitration, reduction, or functional-group transformations to access derivatives used in agriculture, pigments, and research applications. The isomer identity can influence reactivity and suitability for specific downstream processes.

Safety and handling considerations are important with dinitrobenzenes. They are generally irritants and can pose health risks if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin. Prolonged or high-level exposure may cause toxic effects; products should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment, adequate ventilation, and stored away from reducing agents and strong oxidizers. Proper waste disposal and adherence to regulatory guidelines are essential.