C5H14N2

C5H14N2 is a molecular formula that represents a family of aliphatic diamines containing five carbon atoms and two amino groups. The best-known member of this family is cadaverine, also named pentane-1,5-diamine, but the formula applies to several constitutional isomers in which two amino groups are attached at different positions along a five-carbon chain.

Isomers and structure: The formula corresponds to multiple diaminopentane isomers, defined by the locations of the two amino substituents along the carbon backbone. The most prominent example is pentane-1,5-diamine (cadaverine). Other isomers may include amino groups on adjacent or separated carbons, and their physical properties—such as state at room temperature, odor, and melting or boiling points—vary accordingly.

Properties: Diamines of this formula are generally polar and basic, with two protonatable amine groups. They have a relatively high molecular weight for a five-carbon compound, around 102 g/mol, and are typically soluble in water. The specific odor, volatility, and physical state depend on the exact isomer; notably, cadaverine is associated with a strong odor and is often encountered in decomposition contexts.

Occurrence and biosynthesis: Cadaverine is produced by certain bacteria through the decarboxylation of lysine and is commonly discussed in the context of putrefaction. Other diaminopentane isomers can arise in biological or environmental processes or be produced synthetically for research or industrial use.

Applications and safety: These compounds are used as model diamines in organic synthesis and polyamine biology studies. Safety considerations include their basicity and potential irritant effects; they can cause irritation to skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract and are typically handled with appropriate protective equipment in laboratory settings.